一、葛底斯堡演说 江背诵
1.丘吉尔《我们将战斗到底》
丘吉尔是20世纪最出名的人物之一，他有很多身份：战争中的传奇英雄；兴邦治国的政治家；著作等身的作家；辩才无碍的演说家。大家知道，即兴演讲能力最强的几个人，丘吉尔就是其中之一。
《我们将战斗到底》发表于二战时期，丘吉尔在战时用他的演讲鼓舞人心，稳定军心。
“我们将在海洋上战斗，我们将充满信心在空中战斗！我们将不惜任何代价保卫本土，我们将在海滩上战斗！在敌人登陆地点作战！在田野和街头作战！在山区作战！我们任何时候都不会投降。”
2.亚伯拉罕·林肯《葛底斯堡演说》
林肯是美国第16任总统，我们对他最大的印象就是，在教科书上看到的，他主导废除美国黑人奴隶制的事迹。他曾入选影响美国的100位人物，被评为第一名。英国《泰晤士报》也曾以不同标准对美国总统进行排名，林肯同样被列为第一。
1863年11月19日，林肯在葛底斯堡国家公墓揭幕式中发表演说，哀悼在葛底斯堡之役中阵亡的将士。
“因为那些曾经在这里战斗过的人们，活着的和死去的人们，已经圣化了这片土地，他们所做的远非我们的微薄之力所能扬抑。这个世界不大会注意也不会长久记得我们今天在这里所说的话，但是，它永远不会忘记勇士们在这里所做的事。”
3.马丁·路德·金《我有一个梦想》
马丁·路德·金，是美国黑人民权运动领袖。1963年8月28日，他在华盛顿林肯纪念堂发表纪念性演讲。
二、葛底斯堡的演讲全文
葛底斯堡演说是美国前总统林肯最著名的演说，也是美国历史上为人引用最多之演说。
1863年11月19日，林肯在宾夕法尼亚州的葛底斯堡的葛底斯堡国家公墓揭幕式中发表此次演说，哀悼在长达五个半月的葛底斯堡之役中阵亡的将士。
87年前，我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家，它孕育于自由之中，奉行一切人生来平等原则。
现在我们正从事一场伟大的内战，以考验这个国家，或者任何一个孕育自由和奉行上述原则的国家是否能否长久存在下去。
我们在这场战争中的一个伟大战场上集会。烈士们为使这个国家能够生存下去而献出了自己的生命，我们来到这里，是要把这个战场的一部分奉献给他们作为最后安息之所。
我们这样做是完全应该而且是非常恰当的。
但是，从更广泛的意义上来说，这块土地我们不能奉献，不能够圣化，不能够神化。
那些曾在这里战斗过的勇士们，活着的和去世的，已经把这块土地圣化了，这远不是我们微薄的力量所能增减的。
我们今天在这里所说的话，全世界不大会注意，也不会长久地记住，但勇士们在这里所做过的事，全世界却永远不会忘记。
毋宁说，倒是我们这些还活着的人，应该在这里把自己奉献于勇士们已经如此崇高地向前推动但尚未完成的事业。
倒是我们应该在这里把自己奉献于仍然留在我们面前的伟大任务--我们要从这些光荣的死者身上汲取更多的献身精神，来完成他们已经完全彻底为之献身的事业；
我们要在这里下定最大的决心，不让这些死者白白牺牲；我们要使国家在上帝福佑下得到自由的新生，要使这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存
三、葛底斯堡演说中英对照全文
双方总共损失51000名兵员，包含阵亡、受伤、失踪、被俘者。超过7000名阵亡战士的遗体躺在夏日的艳阳下，亟需尽快掩埋，5000匹战马尸骸于城南堆栈火化，镇民因恶臭而作呕。葛底斯堡战役也因此以南军失败告终。南军在战役中伤亡2.8万人，北军伤亡2.3万人。
双方大军于1863年7月4日在这片血腥的战场上相互对峙一天。同日，维克斯堡战役结束，联盟国守军向尤里西斯·格兰特将军请降。李将军改组其战线，转为防御态势，希望米德将军进攻。联邦军司令谨慎的决定不冒此险，此一决定使他日后饱受责难。
1863年7月4日，北弗吉尼亚军团于滂沱大雨中沿哈吉斯城公路（Hagerstown Road）撤离葛底斯堡。战斗结束，联盟国军转进弗吉尼亚。米德司令的波托马克军团尾随追击，以为最多在半途便可截获敌方主力。大雨淹没了波托马克河，将李将军的大军困在河流北岸。但当联邦军主力赶到时，联盟军已作好渡河准备。1863年7月14日于瀑布区（Falling Waters）的断后作战为葛底斯堡战役最后一役，为长串的死伤名单再添一笔，包含伤重不治的佩蒂格鲁将军。
联邦军清理战场后在战场上找到遗留下的步枪共37,574支，而当时的前膛枪射击步骤繁杂，若操作顺序错误即会成为不发弹或无法进行下次装填，士兵因为紧张或没注意到枪支未击发且未进行故障排除就又装填，便会造成重复装弹的状况发生。据统计在这37,574支步枪中，枪管中还有子弹的共有24,000支，其中还有一颗弹头的约有6,000支，误塞了两颗弹头的约有12,000支，塞了三到十颗弹头的约有6,000支，最高记录是有一支来福枪被装填了23颗弹头。
葛底斯堡战场遗迹于四个多月后声名依旧，时当葛底斯堡国家公墓揭幕。在揭幕式上，亚伯拉罕·林肯总统于其葛底斯堡演说中为国家重新题献这场艰苦的内战，表述南北双方所有在葛底斯堡阵亡的将士皆非无谓犠牲的理想。
四、葛底斯堡的演讲文体特点
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who died in that struggle. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate - we cannot consecrate - we cannot hallow - this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather than the dead, that they have fought, and died.
So, let us take up our pens in confident hope that tomorrow is better than today.
For we have been told by those who bury our dead not to rest in silence, but to speak out for those who cannot speak for themselves in times of crisis; that we must arm ourselves so that we may be able to defend our country against its enemies.
There is nothing so great and good as a righteous cause. Nothing so great and good as a noble purpose. Nothing so great and good as the courage to do right. These are the things that make life worth living and worth fighting for. And there is no greater glory than that which comes from enduring to the end what has been started by one person.
This country was founded on the principle of individual freedoms and rights, where everyone is equal before the law. These principles have been upheld through centuries of history, and they shall continue to be upheld until the end of time.
We are gathered here today to pay tribute to those who gave their lives for this nation. They sacrificed everything they had for us, and we owe them a debt of gratitude that can never be repaid. We honor their memory by remembering their sacrifice and by striving to make this country a better place for all its citizens.
We ask you to join with us in this solemn endeavor, to keep alive the spirit of patriotism that has sustained this nation throughout its history. May it guide us in these difficult times ahead and help us build a brighter future for all Americans.
五、葛底斯堡演说的背景和意义
《葛底斯堡演说》原文取下：
Gettysburg Address(n.演说，演讲)
亚伯拉罕•林肯1863年11月19日
Abraham Lincoln Delivered(v.宣布，发布) on the 19th Day of November, 1863 Cemetery Hill,
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
Four score and seven years ago （score是20的意思，four score或者fourscore表示80，所以译为87年前）our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived （v.构想）in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition（v.提议，建议） that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate（v.圣化，奉献） -- we can not hallow（v. 视……为神圣） -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract（v.减损）. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people（民有，民治，民享）, shall not perish （v.湮灭）from the earth.
The Declaration of Independence
IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776 THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERAICA
When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws Nature and Nature’s God entitle（v.赋予权力） them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel（v.推动） them to the separation.
We hold these truths to be self-evident（adj.显而易见的，不言而喻的。Evident是明显的意思）, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed（v.赋予，天生拥有） by their Creator with certain unalienable（adj.不可转让的，不可剥夺的） rights, that they are among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among them, deriving（v.起源于） their just power from the consent of the governed. That whenever any form ofgovernment becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate（n.命令，规定） that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient（adj.转瞬即逝的） causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed（v.倾向于） to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than t right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations（强取豪夺）,pursuing invariably the same object evinces（v.预言） a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity, which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is usurpations, all having in direct object tyranny（n.暴政） over these States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid（adj.坦率的） world.
He has refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
六、葛底斯堡演说中文全文
值得背诵经典演讲：
NO.1 丘吉尔演讲--我们将战斗到底
NO.2 林肯演讲--葛底斯堡演说
NO.3 马丁·路德·金演讲--我有一个梦想
NO.4 纳尔逊·曼德拉演讲--我是第一个被指控的人
NO.5 索琼娜·特鲁斯演讲--难道我不是个女人？
NO.6 威廉·里昂·菲尔普斯演讲--阅读的喜悦